Posts Tagged “Angličtina”

I have written some notes about graph and how to write report to a teacher. Following article have a goal to improve your knowledge when you need to discuss or write about this. This article will be little different, I will write about synonyms for usual words and vocabulary. So lets start.

Many people have problems with repeating one words in one article. You can use synonyms. Here are some similar vocabulary.

Show – refer / depict / describe / telling us / identify / illustrate / replace / give information / provide (information or data) / reveal

Increase – grow(ing)/rise/soar/incline/improve
Decrease – fall(ing)/drop/decline

Vocabulary:

Horisontal (side to side)
Vertical (up to down)
to compare – to identify similarities
to contrast – to identify differences
Diagonal

Contrast maker

Although / Inspite of / despite / however / on the other hand / conversely /
on the contrary

Pie charts

We start describing pie charts on the top and go down right. The chart starts usually from the biggest sector(part) and finisches with the smallest.

3 ways how to describe graph
– show(v) + noun + prepositional phrases
– show(v) + noun + relatives slause
– show(v) + question word + clause

You can sometimes need convert adverbs to adjectives in describing
Adverb -> Adjective
constantly – constant
steadily – steady
rapidly – rapid
dramatically – dramatic
signitificantly – significant
gradually – gradual
sharply – sharp

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Paraphrasing is useful skill, studying in IELTS to write the essay questions in others words. But this knowledge people could use in many different ways, especially with the Internet, if we copy some information and we need write it in our words. Let’s have a look to paraphrasing and its four main points.

 

1. Words

First way is simply to change single words:

  •  
    • Synonyms                         globally – worldwide
    • Antonyms                        common – no uncommon
    • Part of whole                    in all other.. – not only in… (depends on a meaning)
2.  Word-form
This point means change noun to verb etc. For example:
  •  
    • noun  ->  verb                  Idea -> it is thought
    • verb -> noun                    Accept -> acceptance
    • adverb -> adjective          Readily -> ready
    • Adjective -> noun            Beautiful -> beauty
    • linking words -> nouns   Because -> the reason
3. Word order
  •  
    • Change the tense form – passive to active and active to passive

The house was built by my grandfather. -> My grandfather built this house.

  •  
    • Clauses – switch the order in sentences with the position of clauses.
These nice cars are expensive, but we have enough money, so we can buy it. -> We can buy these cars, which are expensive, because we enough money.
4. Synthesis

This point is about combine or spilt sentences. For example:

Santa Clause is old. Santa Clause has a beard. -> Santa clause is old and has a  beard.

 

These information became from my notes from IELTS course, where i have studied English. Because I have couple interesting notes, i would like to explain it here. On the end this is for me repeating of this knowledge. If you have something to tell, like mistake, comments write it in comments.

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Vite co znamene pokud je pred jmenem titul Ms. ? Podivejme se na zakladni osloveni v Anglictine:

Mrs - zena, vdana

Miss – zena, svobodna

Ms – zena, rodinny stav – neznamy

Mr – muz, rodinny stav – neznamy

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Rad bych se s Vami podelil o dobrou praktiku, planovani, jak si dat myslenky dohromady a napsat esej, clanek a podobne.

Plan je zalozeny na tom, ze esej obsahuje: introduction, main body – tri paragrafy a conclusion. Plan je prizpusobeny na 250 slov (jen 3 paragrafy) coz je minimum pro IELTS essay. Plane je v anglictine a je zalozeny na sablone kterou jsem dostal a trochu prepracoval. Pokud bude veliky zajem tak to i prelozim do cestiny.

Planovani clanku Vam muze pomoci i ve sposte situaci, nejen pri psani IELTS eseje (250 slov za 40 minut). JE to zaroven dobry brainstorming pro dane dilo.

Stahujte zde:Planning the Essay

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The type of crime:
 
The burglar(person) – to burgle(v) – burglary(n)        
Break into house and steal thinks. To enter a building illegally in order to steal things.
Steal – home
(zlodej, lupic – hlavne vykradani bytu)
 
The robber(person) – to rob(v) – robbery(n)
Pickpoket on the street, a litlle similar to burglar.
Steal – home, person
(zlodej, lupic – kradeze na ulici, v obchode a podobene)

The shoplifter(person) - shoplifting(v)

Steal article from shop, to steal things from shop.
Steal – things
(zlodej v obchode)
 
The blackmailer(person) – blackmail(v,n)
Making photo someone/something ban and ask for money.
(vederac)
 
The arsonist(person) – arson(n)
Sets fire in building or car on purpose. Burning house.
(zhar)
 
The pickpocket(person),(n),(v)
To steal from peoples pockets or back, often in crowds.
(kapsar)
 
The hijacker(person)
Takes over a plane or vehicle and forces the pilot or driver to go where he/she want.
(unosce)
 
The mugging(n) – mug(v)
Attack someone in a public place(with knife, gun) and steal their money or possesion.
(loupezne prepadeni)
 
The Terrorist(person) – terrorism(n)
Use violence and intimidation, especially for political purposes.
(terorista)
 
The vandalism(n) – vandalize(v)
Break destroy something for fun. The deliberately damage or destroy things, especially public property.
(vandalizmus)
 
The kidnapper(person) – kidnapping(n) – kidnap(v)
To illegally take someone away and make them a prisoner, especially in order to make money(their family or the governmen).
(unosce)
 
The fraud(person),(n) – cheat(v)
Person or thing that is not what it seems or pretend to be. The crime of cheating in order to get money.
(podvod)
 
The thief(person)
A person who steals, esp. secretly or without open force; one guilty of theft or larceny.
(zlodej)
 
The assassin(person) – assassinate(v)
A murderer, esp. one who kills a politically prominent person for fanatical or monetary reasons.
(vrah)
 
The murder(n), (v)
The unlawful killing of one human by another.
(vrazda, zavrazdit)
 
The bandit(person)
A robber, esp. a member of a gang or marauding band.
(bandita)
 
The pirate(person), (v)
A person who robs or commits illegal violence at sea or on the shores of the sea.
(pirat, korzar – oloupit)
 
The marauder(person) – maraud(v)
(plenit, pustosit – zaskodnik, najezdny lupic)
 
 
Other important vocabulary it this case:
Capital punishment – the government kill person for hard crime. (trest smrti)
Suspended sentence -  have a punishment and do not be taken in prison (podmineny rozsudek)
Imprisonment – to putting into prison (uvezneni)
Caution – a warning against danger (varovani)
Fine – pay money to government for something bad (pokuta)
Ransom – the redemption of a prisoner, slave, or kidnapped person, of captured goods, etc., for a price. (vykupne)
Trial – the examination before a judicial tribunal of the facts put in issue in a cause, often including issues of law as well as those of fact.(soudni proces, preliceni)
Witness – to see, hear, or know by personal presence and perception: to witness an accident. (svedek)
Evidence – data presented to a court or jury in proof of the facts in issue and which may include the testimony of witnesses, records, documents, or objects. (dukaz)
Jury -a group of persons chosen to adjudge prizes, awards, etc., as in a competition.  (porota)
Sentence – an authoritative decision; a judicial judgment or decree, esp. the judicial determination of the punishment to be inflicted on a convicted criminal.  (odsouzeni)
Footprint – stopa (od boty)
Fingerprints – otisk(prstu), stopa
Threatened – ohrozeni
Punishment – trest
Barrister – obhajce
Solicitor – advokat, agent
Accuse – obzalovat
Theft – kradez
 
Innocent – nevinny
Guilty - vinen
 
Sentence – deside to judge
Verdict – deside to jury

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